Patent for Improving Drinking Water
Information for electromagnetically charging your water and foods at various frequencies.
You will find the information useful to further improve on the blender charger, or vortex water:
United States Patent 6,733,434, Jacobson May 11, 2004
Method and apparatus for electromagnetically restructuring ingestible substances for organismic consumption
Abstract
A method for beneficially restructuring ingestible substances such as sports drinks, water, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and the like and its contents for consumption by organisms. The method is also applied to topical substances such as lotions and creams. The method involves subjecting such substances for a period of time to an electromagnetic field of a specified flux density varying from 10.sup. -5 to 10.sup.-21 gauss and a specific frequency varying from 0 hertz to 300 hertz, depending on the intended subsequent use of the substance. The specific flux density and the specific frequency is empirically determined to restructure the substances such that the substances beneficially affect the organism which has the substances incorporated into the organism's metabolism.
Inventors: Jacobson; Jerry I. (2006 Mainsail Cir., Jupiter, FL 33477)
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/ 386,696 filed Aug. 31, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,458,071 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/986,832, filed Dec. 8, 1997 now abandoned. This application claims priority to the filing date of both the prior filed applications. This application is also related to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,269,746, 6,004,257 and 6,099,459 of the same inventor as the inventor herein.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for beneficially restructuring an ingestible substance comprising: subjecting an ingestible substance for a period of time to an electromagnetic field of a specific flux density varying from 10.sup.- 5 to 10.sup.-21 gauss and a specific frequency varying from 0 hertz to 300 hertz depending on the intended subsequent use of said ingestible substance, wherein said specific flux density and said specific frequency has been empirically determined to restructure said ingestible substance such that said ingestible substance beneficially affects the organism to which the ingestible substance is subsequently applied.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said ingestible substance is at least one of an aqueous mixture, a sports drink, a geriatric drink, an electrolyte drink, a nutraceutical, a pharmaceutical, a medicinal formulation, a cream, a lotion, and an alcoholic beverage.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating said electromagnetic field to impinge upon said ingestible substance in a manner which is directly correlated to target masses in biosystems.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising after subjecting said ingestible substance to said electromagnetic field of a specific flux density and specific frequency corresponding to a particular target, repeating subjecting said electromagnetic field of a specific flux density and specific frequency for each of a plurality of targets.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using a solenoid to which electric power has been applied.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using helmholts coils to which electric power has been applied.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using poloidal magnets to which electric power has been applied.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using toroidal coils to which electric power has been applied.
9. A method for restructuring an ingestible substance, comprising: subjecting an ingestible substance to an electromagnetic field of a specific flux density varying from 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-21 gauss and a specific frequency varying from 0 hertz to 300 hertz depending on the intended subsequent use of said ingestible substance, wherein said specific flux density and said specific frequency being calculated using the formula mc.sup.2 =Bvlq, wherein m equals a mass of one of a plurality of targets; c equals the speed of light; v equals the inertial velocity of said mass; l equals length of the organism to which the water will be applied; and q equals unity of charge, to thereby determine a magnetic flux density (B).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said ingestible substance is at least one of an aqueous mixture, a sports drink, a geriatric drink, an electrolyte drink, a nutraceutical, a pharmaceutical, a medicinal formulation, a cream, a lotion, and an alcoholic beverage.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating said electromagnetic field to impinge upon the ingestible substance in a manner which is directly correlated to target masses in biosystems.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising after subjecting said ingestible substance to said electromagnetic field of a specific flux density and specific frequency corresponding to a particular target, repeating subjecting said electromagnetic field of a specific flux density and specific frequency for each of a plurality of targets.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using a solenoid to which electric power has been applied.
14. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using helmholts coils to which electric power has been applied.
15. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using poloidal magnets to which electric power has been applied.
16. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using toroidal coils to which electric power has been applied.
17. The method of claim 14, further comprising arranging said coils such that each of the coils have equal diameters and the distance between the coils is about equal to the radius of each of the coils such that upon applying power to said coils, a relatively uniform magnetic field exists between the coils.
18. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating said electromagnetic field using plates to which electric power has been applied.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to applying electromagnetic energy to water and other substances such as beverages, foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and the like (substances which are ingested or ingestible) in order to beneficially restructure such substances for consumption by organisms. More particularly, such substances are subjected to specific electromagnetic flux densities and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation in order to beneficially restructure the substance and/or its contents.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In order to treat disease, organisms have previously been subjected to electromagnetic fields of various types, and a number of procedures involving the use of magnetic fields to treat disease have been described in various references. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,056 discloses numerous prior art patents and publications describing the use of electromagnetic materials and electromagnetic fields, e.g., lasers, microwaves and radio frequency ("RF") induced magnetic fields, in the therapeutic treatment of mammals suffering from various disease conditions. These patents and publications typically teach ingestion of magnetic materials, for example, iron oxide, in patients in conjunction with the application of a magnetic force. Ferromagnetic particles become heated as a result of the coupling thereof to the magnetic field through their dielectric and hysteresis loss, the induced heating constituting the therapeutic properties of this form of treatment.
It is believed that these prior art processes were not successful for a number of reasons. The magnetic form of iron oxide is insoluble in body fluids and in substantial concentrations may be toxic to, or rejected by, the body. In addition, in many instances the amount of heat generated by these particles was excessive and substantial unwanted injury to tissue was experienced.
Devices for applying electromagnetic energy to living tissue are also disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,099,511, to Caesar; U.S. Pat. No. 2,103,440, to Weissenberg; and U.S. Pat. No. 781,448 to McIntyre. Caesar teaches applying an alternating magnetic field to a localized area, and it is also believed to rely primarily on localized heating (diathermy). Weissenberg teaches application of a low level field, and McIntyre teaches means ostensibly applying a homogeneous field to the whole body of a plant or animal, for therapeutic reasons. These patents demonstrate the interest in application of electromagnetic energy to plants and animals for therapeutic reasons, but do not teach any particular means for determining a field strength or frequency that will have any particular beneficial effects.
In connection with accelerating healing of traumatic injuries, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,611,599 and 4,576,172, both to Bentall, U.S. Pat. No. 3, 890,953 to Kraus et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,369 to Adams et al., induce particular fields for purposes of promoting growth of damaged tissue. The prior art includes a wide range of field strengths and frequencies, Bentall teaching RF frequencies and Kraus teaching power line frequencies.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,746, to Jacobson, the present inventor, teaches a method of therapeutically treating epilepsy and Parkinson's disease which comprises subjecting mammals suffering from these diseases to an alternating magnetic field having flux density and a frequency calculated as a function of the mass of the oncogene, target gene, messenger RNA, protein, enzyme and/or hormone. This calculation equates the energy of a current electromagnetically induced in the mammal with the gravitational energy of the target genetic material, such that a dual resonance is achieved.
Although these references may disclose certain beneficial effects of electromagnetism on organisms, they do not disclose a process whereby water, beverages, foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, topical creams and lotions, and the like, are themselves treated with an electromagnetic field in order to beneficially restructure the substances or contents thereof. For purposes of this disclosure, such substances shall hereafter be referred to as "ingestible substances" and it is intended that such term encompass any substance which is beneficially ingested or ingestible, or topically applied to or by a living organism such as a human being, etc. such that the living organism incorporates the substance into its metabolic processes. The substances provide a life support function such as that of water, nutritional function such as food, electrolyte balancing or rehydration such as pedialyte or other beneficial therapeutic function such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, creams, lotions and the like. As noted, although the term "ingestible" is used, it encompasses absorbed or topically applied substances as skin cream and the like which are not typically ingested as food or drink but absorbed through application on the skin. Methods and devices for beneficially restructuring such substances are therefore needed, and are provided by the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, means are provided for calculating the flux densities and frequencies appropriate for restructuring ingestible substances and their contents, by tailoring the flux density and frequency applied to the ingestible substances for a given purpose. After determining the correct flux density and frequency to be applied to the ingestible substances for a particular application, a homogeneous electromagnetic field is applied to the ingestible substance at the prescribed levels thereby inducing changes in the physical properties of the ingestible substance.
Ingestible substances which have been subjected to Jacobson Resonance (also referred to as "restructured", "resonated" or "organized" ingestible substances) is more quickly absorbed and has improved solvency properties; i.e., it is able to resonate with more soluble matter. Therefore, restructured ingestible substances will improve the health of humans and animals through resonance derived of improved organization. The restructured ingestible substance, in particular, in the case of water will enhance the growth of fruits, vegetables, and plants in general.
Magnetization of water solvents in ingestible substances will improve the detergent capability of organisms by improving reactivity and capacity for interactivity with more soluble matter. The beneficial properties of organized ingestible substances will therefore be seen when the ingestible substance is utilized for bathing, cooking, cleaning, drinking, agriculture, medicine, veterinary medicine, cosmetics, and other applications. It is important to appreciate that in the case of such ingestible substances, a large component thereof is often water. The benefits of resonated water have been explained in co-pending parent application Ser. No. 09/386,696. It has been unexpectedly discovered that such benefits can be imparted to ingestible substances as discussed and defined herein.
The present invention, therefore provides for electromagnetic treatment of water, more preferably substances containing water (natural, spring or otherwise), with Jacobson Resonance in order to render the ingestible substance more conducive to organismic life by restructuring and clustering molecules, both water and otherwise, within the ingestible substance, thereby increasing the absorption rates, biological coherence, and cooperativity of the ingestible substance to the solute within the ingestible substance. The present invention generally includes subjecting ingestible substances to alternating and steady magnetic fields having flux densities ranging from 10.sup.-5 gauss to 10.sup.-21 gauss, and frequencies ranging from direct current ("DC" or 0 hertz) to 300 hertz.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for applying magnetic fields of the type described above to ingestible substances. The apparatus, referred to as the "Jacobson Resonator" or the "Resonator", is comprised of a signal generator, attenuator unit, a set of simplified Helmholtz coils, and an application device on which the ingestible substance to be treated is placed.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention provides for electromagnetic treatment of ingestible substances, with Jacobson Resonance in order to render the ingestible substance more conducive to organismic life by restructuring and clustering molecules within the ingestible substance, thereby increasing the absorption rates, biological coherence, and cooperativity of the ingestible substance to the solute within the ingestible substance. The method generally includes resonation of ingestible substances at various flux densities and frequencies depending upon the use which will subsequently be made of the resonated ingestible substance. After resonation, the ingestible substance is thereafter applied to, or consumed by, organisms to treat disease and promote health of animal organisms and, in the case of water, for example, containing plant nutrients, is also beneficial in enhancing the growth of plants, particularly fruits and vegetables.
According to the present invention, ingestible substances are subjected to alternating and steady magnetic fields having flux densities ranging from 10.sup.-5 gauss to 10.sup.-21 gauss, and frequencies ranging from direct current ("DC" or 0 hertz) to 300 hertz. These magnetic fields recrystallize water molecules, which are constituents, particularly those water molecules with trace metals critical to the regulation of genetic information transfer. Other constituents of the ingestible substances are also believed beneficially affected, as in the case with water, particularly those with the trace metals critical to the regulation of genetic information transfer.
The invention may utilize various protocols in order to mechanically vibrate targets such as whole viruses, parts of viruses (such as the gp 120 envelope of HIV which juts into a CD4 receptor site of T-4 lymphocytes), bacterium, fungi, and other pathogens and foreign bodies. The method of the present invention impinges certain resonant frequencies upon water and other molecules in ingestible substances which are restructured and will send electromagnetic messages to macromolecules like enzymes which then change their vibrational states. The size of the seed, plant, fetus, animal and adult to which the restructured ingestible substances are applied or which are to consume the ingestible substances, changes the requirements for the signal at which the ingestible substances are resonated. After an ingestible substance is restructured, the restructured ingestible substance is subsequently supplied to an organismic system for which the ingestible substance was prepared.
An organismic system may be generally described as an aqueous solution in which water is mostly well ordered, nearly crystalline (or semi- crystalline). A polarized multi-layer of water was described which can be considered to be in a quasi-crystalline state. Relative order formed "dilute salted water" in the system has entirely different mechanical, chemical, physical behaviors than the normal aqueous solutions. The important role in the living systems of "ordered water" was pointed out in the mid-1960's and was later proved.
At first, it was suggested that ordered water was as much as 50% of the total amount of water in living bodies, but systematic investigations approximated more ordered water than was expected before. One expert, for example, has suggested that at least 95% of the cell water is bonded to fully extended proteins. In other organismic systems, 75% of the cell water was found to be bonded to fully extended proteins.
Current theories teach the conventional membrane-pump model of interaction between water and cells. Pursuant to this model, the bulk of the cell water is normal liquid water, and there is little or no interaction between the bulk-phase water and cell macromolecules. It is believed that this theory is incorrect. The more accurate theory is the association-induction model proposed by Dr. G. Ling, in which the bulk-phase water in living cells exists as polarized multilayers, interacting strongly and pervasively with intracellular macromolecules; i.e., extended proteins. Of course, it is expected that a more refined polarized-multilayer theory may be developed because there is still a lack of quantitative knowledge about the structural properties of the water molecule (e.g.; the radial distribution function and the space-time correlation function). Dr. Ling's association induction hypothesis is not yet sufficiently detailed to permit a calculation of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ("NMR") relaxation times, as well as diffusive properties of cellular water. However, there is sufficient data about the diffusive motion of water molecules in biological systems to make two general qualitative statements: (1) within a cell, the amount of water experiencing reduced diffusive motion is substantial; and (2) the rotational motion of the majority of water molecules in a cell is reduced significantly from that of ordinary water. These principles are consistent with the present invention which is based on the interaction between water, other constituents of ingestible substances and solids within the organismic system which is treated by the restructured ingestible substance. By beneficially restructuring the ingestible substance that is supplied to the organismic system, the organismic system is beneficially affected.
It should be evident, therefore, that the present invention takes advantage of the physical properties of ingestible substances as including solvents and constituents thereof which are subject to change when macromolecular structure and/or motion is altered. These changes arise from intrinsic reorientations of biomolecular systems which are secondary to underpinning electromagnetic dispositional states and extrinsic changes in electromagnetic fields. The relationship of matter contained in the cells and the electromagnetic field to which the ingestible substances are is subjected is called superradiance.
Biological systems are held together by long range forces, namely electromagnetic forces in the ground state, i.e., the minimum energy configuration. Coulomb forces are short range forces and cannot account for the order of biosystems. Therefore, static forces acting at short distances are key-lock in type, and cannot account for the property of rigidity in matter, or account for communications in biological matter.
Body interactions are therefore not just the sum of the number of body interactions. Photons are emitted or absorbed during transition of energy states of atoms. When there are many particles in the unit volume super-radiance is the quantum result without any classical analog. Spontaneous fluctuations in atoms induce force fluctuations in other atoms which refer to phase coherence in the ground state. Photons are a commonwealth and cannot be traced back to any particular atom. Rather, photons are convicted and energy is lost. Although photon frequency decreases, photon momentum is unchanged. Photons are thus not radiated. Fields beyond a density threshold are trapped in biological matter. Photons with definite oscillations are shared among many particles. Thus, all the particles are compelled to oscillate according to the phase of the photons. The foregoing occurs as the particles of a gas move closer together.
The sides of coherence domains are the wavelengths of photons, shared by greater numbers of particles. Momentum remains the same. Energy is therefore given off as the electromagnetic field assumes a minimum energy configuration, and the photons serve as glue for the condensed system.
When the biosystem changes, photons are emitted resulting, for example, in bioluminescence. The gain of energy is proportional to density. Particles stop collapsing only when they meet the repulsive hard core forces i.e., the impenetrability of matter. The only task of this field is to keep the particles in phase without producing any work. Thus, the second principle of thermodynamics is not violated and spontaneous creation of order in the ground state occurs. Congruent and coherent oscillatory trajectories or vibrational states whether rotational and/or translational are shared by aggregations, groups, strings, or clusters of molecules e.g., water which produce the ordering and cooperativity of systems.
The earth rotates at approximately 1000 mi/hour and orbits the sun at 18.5 mi/sec and moves through the local star cluster toward the bright star Vega with the solar system at about 12 mi/sec. The local cluster of stars takes part in the rotation about the center of our galaxy at an average speed of 200 miles per second. Similarly, groups, collections, strings or polarized layers of water molecules maintain numerous frequencies of vibrational modes and relative motions simultaneously. Likewise, resonating water molecules with a variety of magnetic flux densities and frequencies will engender vibrational patterns or periodicity or clusters in sets or clusters of molecules that can be retained for some time only to interact with macromolecular complexes once ingested into a biological system as the solvent relates and communicates with solute particles thus inducing phase coherence and adjustments of electrophysiological states and biochemistry. The force between particles in a liquid or solid (condensed matter) depends upon how many particles share a common phase. Because it represents an atypical coherence domain in ingestible substances, the force between particles is directly proportional to the number of molecules as compared to the force in vacuo, where there is only a small force between a small number of molecules.
In vacuo, the dominant force is the static force, and in condensed systems the dominant force is the radiated force. Moving from the gaseous state to the liquid state the density of water is 1600 times greater, thus increasing the force between molecules accordingly. In renormalizing frequency electromagnetic field is trapped in the ground state while (mv) remains the same. When momentum (mv) is renormalized the trapped light will come out e.g., bioluminescence. Light will be emitted by biosystems (e.g. sono-luminescence) when sound waves are produced in the system. From the antinode of the stationary wave light is emitted. The frequency of the emitted light depends upon the liquid. Each liquid has its own frequency. Biosystems have many frequencies contained by the solvent. Collapsing bubbles affect temperature (a diabatic compression) in applying van der Waals equation, p molecules are excited and light is emitted.
Yet, carbonation is not the only explanation of sonoluminesence. Thousands of particles firing their photons synchronously into a short time interval in coherence domains accounts for light being emitted from a pressure wave, i.e., sound. Trapped light of superradiance is explicable through an understanding of aggregations of molecules maintaining phase coherence. Various frequencies in water and other ingestible substances with multi-polarized layers refer to collective processes. In liquids it is the electrons which move coherently. Electrons compel nuclei to stay at fixed distances, but not a fixed place in water or other ingestible substances. Solids appear when we get superradiance of nuclei.
Consider for example, two foreign molecules A and B entering into water or other ingestible substances from outside the system. In the spectra of A and B, there are frequencies W.sub.A and W.sub.B which are equal and equal to the common superradiance of water (renormalized frequency). Since the field depends upon frequency and since these molecules contain the code of recognition of frequency these molecules are not distinguishable from water. Frequency is the natural language of the molecules. The two body attraction is magnified by the larger number of particles as the water attraction in pure water or water as a constituent of ingestible substances. The attraction between A and B while in water or other ingestible substance is highly magnified. When a third molecule C is introduced into the water or ingestible substance which is unable to co-resonate with water or ingestible substance and its constituents, C does not have in its own spectrum or frequency propensity for recognition of the pattern. A and B will interact strongly while in the water or ingestible substance and not C. The chemical pattern in this way is governed by the superradiant behavior of the solvent, which is able through this mechanism to select interacting molecules on the basis of pattern recognition which is the code of frequency.
Consider, however, 3 molecules A, B and C, each one having 2 possible frequencies in their spectra. If that water has now 2 superradiances and WA=WB, A and B will interact strongly and not C. Without touching A, B and C the superradiance of water or the ingestible substance can change for example, if in this case, the equality changes between B and C and not A then WB=WC. Thus, the chemistry would suddenly change. B and C would attract strongly, and A would not attract.
In this example, A, B and C did not change at all. Rather, the water or ingestible substance changed. Since we can affect the properties of the solvent without touching the solute we can dramatically change the chemistry of the solute just by changing the frequency at which super- radiance could occur. In biosystems we have ordered patterns of reactions and we can regulate these reactions by restructuring water with magnetic signals having physiologic amplitudes and frequencies for water or the ingestible substance, the selection at each given time of which molecules will interact strongly controls cooperating of systems.
When there is disease the order of biochemical maturity is altered. It is possible to reorder the pattern by introducing resonated water with codes for frequencies to restore the proper biochemistry to the biosystem. Or, in the case of giving resonated water or water containing plant nutrient to plants we may regulate the various processes that regulate growth and repair. Furthermore, in this manner of giving resonated or restructured ingestible substances such as electrolyte drinks, such as pedialyte, water and the like to biosystems we may even regulate genetic information transfer as well as the susceptibility of an organism to foreign interaction, e.g., alter the immune responses. When biological systems are poisoned, cavities increase and more light is lost.
In order to understand the present invention, one may envision a living system as an aggregation of atoms which share ubiquitous photons (quanta of light) which serve as the "glue of matter". These photons are bound in the ground state where they will remain due to the long range force of matter. Since living systems are composed of coherent charged states and cooperative systems, restructuring the solvent, namely the water, in the living systems changes the molecular vibrational frequencies of the living system itself.
It is possible to regulate the structure of ingestible substances and thereby induce critical molecules like genes, enzymes, neurotransmitters, antibodies and hormones to restructure by changing the spin angular momenta of electrons and protons with externally sourced pico Tesla range, physiologic fields. When pathophysiological states occur, there are biophotonic emissions, or the release of the radiant quanta which regulated coherence and communications. If water within cells and in tissues is organized, then the organization of water is sensitive to the physiological and pathophysiological states of cells and tissues. When ingestible substances, in particular ingestible substances with water as a constituent, are treated with electromagnetic fields corresponding to normal magnetic profiles in humans, animals and plants and ingested by these systems, there occurs systemic reorganization of superradiances: frequencies of vibrational modes through which constituents communicate to improve total function of the living system. Therefore, the consumed ingestible substance affects the solutes which it comes into contact with and vice versa. The effect is therefore multidirectional--water affecting solids and solids affecting the water. Additionally, human tissue is piezoelectric, that is mechanical vibrations are converted into electromagnetic oscillations and vice versa. Therefore, vibrational modalities of molecules of water, as well as macromolecular systems, will enhance mutual coherence domains so all the constituents of the system will be correlated as they come into contact with each other.
Consumption of organized or coherent water or ingestible substance molecules will reorganize the particles of the solute (critical molecules) to produce increase in coherence domains, improved communications between the various atomic constituents of living systems and improve health. Consumption of electromagnetically treated water therefore improves health as these ingestible substance molecules, including water molecules, take their places as solvent in the living systems.
The living process involves the gradual loss of the electron energy of incoming compounds (nutriments, foods) by a multi-step oxidation having very little energy changes in a single step. The typical metabolic energy-step is in the range of the hydrogen-bridge bond. Consequently, it is possible to rearrange the ingestible substance structure.
Water alone or as a constituent of ingestible substances is an excellent solvent, a catalyst for many chemical reactions, a good storehouse for both heat and cold, and a poor electrical conductor when pure. The unique properties of water and water in ingestible substances are based on its unusual structure and on the polarity of its molecule. Adding ions to water, for example, or constituents of ingestible substances, typically as trace metals adds to the capacity for reactivity. The water molecule's angular structure is shown in FIG. 1. The hydrogen atoms are about 1 angstrom unit away from the oxygen atom, bound to it by covalent bonds. Each covalent bond is due to the mutual sharing of a pair of electrons between each hydrogen and the oxygen. However, the sharing is unequal because an oxygen atom is considerably more electronegative than a hydrogen atom. The oxygen atom is able to pull both electron pairs much closer to it. The oxygen has a partial positive charge. Although the water molecule as a whole is electrically neutral, it is highly polar: that is, it has a negatively charged pole (at the oxygen atom) and a positively charge pole (centered between the hydrogens). The polarity results from the bent shape of the molecule and the distribution of electrical charges within it.
FIG. 2 represents water states in living systems. It also shows geometrical frustration in three dimensions, where (a) breathing like, and (b) tilting like, changes the icosahedral cluster. Note that we may change the physical properties, for example the dielectric constant, of a material; e.g., water, without changing the composition (only the microscopic ordering) of the medium itself.
FIG. 3 shows the dynamic solution of the tessellation by regular pentagons: .varies. .beta. and .gamma. are possible distortions of the five-fold symmetry, thus becoming non-regular units. With .gamma. the regular five-fold symmetry is kept; the geometric frustration causes the units to vibrate (if these units are composed of water, the hydrogen bridges will vibrate).
FIG. 4 shows the proper tessellation on the plain sheet by non-regular pentagons. Ordered states of water reveal coherence in the domains of the quantum world as subatomic particles move in relative translational and rotation modes which are dependent upon the elementary electrical charges which comprise the electromagnetic field--matter.
The solid and aqueous phases of the cytoplasm are the meeting point between biochemistry and biophysics. Water, which includes free water in the cytoplasm, has a peculiar structure, a quasi-crystalline polymeric structure: all its molecules are permanent dipoles which join labily creating a network of hydrogen bonds. FIGS. 5 and 6 show that at 37.degree. C. every water molecule joins another four forming a constantly changing short lived polymeric highly cooperative structure.
Although hydrogen bonds continuously form and disrupt, they give the `water polymer` a high level of cohesion, which in turn displays certain characteristics--such as high surface tension, high specific heat, and high vaporization heat. Water has a high dielectric constant (E-80 at 20.degree. C.) which is correlated to the refraction index and to a high absorption of infrared and microwaves. In ice, which is highly structured water, the dielectric constant is extremely low (E=5).
Water is a statistic assembly of five types of molecules which form 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 hydrogen bonds per molecule. In this model the hydrogen bonds form and then disrupt and bending must be considered.
Theories on the structure of water postulate the existence of molecular clusters or aggregates. This hypothesis is consistent with the dielectric behavior, which is property pertaining to molecular clusters rather than to single molecules. H.sub.2 O molecules connected by hydrogen bonds aggregate in clusters which have an extremely short mean life (10.sup.-10 -10.sup.-11 sec.).
Polarity makes water molecules cluster around ions (Na.sup.+ and CI. sup.-) and other polar molecules (--COOH) and establish hydrogen bonds with them. Polar molecules are therefore also hydrophile and hydrosoluble (FIG. 6). Apolar molecules break the network of hydrogen bonds, they are hydrophobic and insoluble. They tend to isolate themselves from surrounding water by forming hydrophobic interactions which play a very important functional role.
As well as reacting with ionizing radiation (forming radicals and peroxides), water interacts with non ionizing radiation to produce various conformational changes which are determined by charge distribution, motions of aggregations of clusters of water molecules through space and time, and coherent communications between water and its contained ponderable bodies.
Water forces the hydrophobic groups to aggregate or cluster to minimize the disruptive effect they could have on the H bond network. When hydrophobic groups associate like this, it is often said they are aggregated by "hydrophobic bonds".
As seen in FIG. 7, hydrophobic interactions can link molecules (hydrophobic bond). Two or more hydrophobic groups tend to isolate from surrounding water with its polymeric like structure. This mechanism is the possible cause of enzyme-enzyme and enzyme-filament interactions in the sheet of structured water adjacent to the solid state protein structures.
The traditional interpretation whereby intracellular water was seen to have the same characteristics as free water has been reviewed: several experiments prove that a large fraction of intracellular water has properties which differ from those of the pure liquid. Biophysically cytoplasm is considered a gel, consisting of a rich dynamic network of interconnected filaments that give the cytoplasm that stiffness and elasticity without hindering its fluid character.
The relationship between the filament structures of the cytoplasm and water have been studied. We see the cytoskeleton as a solid state dynamic reticulum with a very vast surface, estimated at about 70-90 billion sqnm per cell. Clegg was able to prove experimentally while using several techniques that the water surrounding the cytoskeleton is ordered; that is aligned with polar links on the surface of the proteins. Consequently this means that each cell has a very thin layer of ordered water extending over at least 3 nm from the billions sqnm of solid state surfaces.
We believe through a dipolar mechanism this water can be coupled to the coherent dynamics of the protein solid state, protecting it from thermal dissipation and thus creating favorable conditions for the protein filaments to carry signals.
Biophysicists currently view hyaloplasm (that is MT reticulum+water) as a highly ordered and structurally coherent reticulum of dynamic protein polymers which is closely connected to ordered water through a vast surface; it has a lower level of entropy and a lower dielectric constant compared to the free water far from the reticulum surface.
The biological importance of the juxtafilament structured water becomes apparent when considering the well based hypothesis that all metabolic activities take place on the surface or near the surface of cell ultrastructures, because this means that enzymes operate in a microenvironment which is different from a diluted aqueous solution.
Of the relaxation processes of excited atoms and molecules one must consider fluorescence, or radiative relaxation, which is quick de- excitation with emission of a photon whose energy is less than that of the incident radiation. Excited molecules can relax by means of a chemical reaction with other excited or non-excited molecules, yielding free radicals, biradicals or stable molecular products. Excited molecules can transfer their excitation energy to other molecules through non-radiative processes (excitons, conformational variations) as well. They can also de-excite in a non-radiative mode by internal conversion of excitation energy into mechanical or vibrational energy which is our goal in utilization of physiologic magnetic fields i.e., the production of stable, balance and hemostatic products and processes.
Living systems must be regarded as a unit, since their properties cannot be additively composed from the properties of its parts, and it is not possible to divide living systems into parts carrying the properties of the system. The living reactions are special processes which are cooperative, collective phenomenon expanded over the whole living unit (protein, cell, etc.) depending on the level of the interaction. The cooperativity in the living state is the essence of the phenomenon. Some synchronized effects characterize life (for example, the growth or the dividing of cells) which have to have a general controller in the system. Some cooperative mechanisms have been ascribed to the living state, e.g., chemical, solid-state electronic and ionic transfer, as well as fractional charge-transfer. These phenomenon have succeeded in explaining different special proteins (e.g., enzymes) or whole cells. As another example, ionic concentration (pK) has also been introduced governing and explaining the collectivity of some special process.
The first suggestion of a solid-state type electronic process in living systems as one of the possible collectivity in proteins and DNA was made by Szent-Gorgyi in 1941. An early calculation strongly suggested the existence of a conduction band in proteins. This was later proven experimentally by observing a semi-conductive behavior with a forbidden gap of 2-3 eV. The measured conductivity in wet proteins (there is no effect in dry proteins) supports this conclusion.
The protocol which the water (or other material to be realigned for ingestion into the body of a human, or, abrasion to the body of a human such as a material; e.g., cotton) must be exposed to electromagnetically is determined by the physiologic nature of the signal. That is, the field impinged upon the water molecule, ingestible substances, trace metal, foreign body; e.g., virus, clothing material, cosmic construction block, etc., should be that field which the target element in vivo must experience to maintain order, coherence, cooperativity and coherent oscillatory trajectories of particulate matter composing the body thereto.
The electromagnetic field, focusing upon the magnetic component of the signal may be created by a solenoid, helmholtz coil, plates, free flowing electrical current magnetic components, poloidal magnets, toroidal coils and any other means of producing a homogeneous, isotropic magnetic field to therein induce changes in spin angular momenta of leptons and baryons, thus causing changing magnetic moments, and crystalline restructuring. Since the atoms are spinning permanent magnets, they are susceptible to reorientation by extrinsically sourced magnetic forces. Solenoids and helmholtz coils, plates, poloidal magnets, toroids, free electrical currents all may produce the appropriate EM signals. A solenoidal exposure system or a helmholtz coil exposure system is acceptable to produce a homogeneous isotropic magnetic field to therein rearrange the water molecule, ingestible substances, and/or water and other specific constituents of the ingestible substance itself; i.e., the particles that comprise the atoms that may themselves participate in changing charge densities and cooperativity between changing systems or kinetic systems such as our universe.
FIG. 8, for example, shows a solenoidal system magnetizing water molecules, preparing the structured water for human consumption. The Jacobson Resonator, described in detail below, produces such an electromagnetic field, and it is preferred to use the Jacobson Resonator to create and control the electromagnetic fields to which the water is subjected.
The (L) length used is 5'8" average human length. This table is used to calculate the appropriate signed parameters for water to treat any condition dependent upon critical molecules of specific molecular weights in accordance with earth orbital velocity, earth's rotational velocity and the star cluster velocity we are in which circles the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Applying the principles above, the present invention provides a method which imposes an electromagnetic field upon water and liquid suspensions at least in the water or ingestible substances. The most beneficial flux densities and frequencies may be determined empirically by experimentation. However, more preferably, a flux density and frequency may be calculated using the formula mc.sup.2 =Bvlq. In this formula, "m" equals a mass of one of a plurality of targets, e.g., water molecules; "c" equals the speed of light; "v" equals the inertial velocity of the target mass, "l" equals length of the conductive system; and "q" equals unity of charge. Using this equation, it is possible to determine a magnetic flux density (B). The flux density and frequency is then applied to a quantity of water for a given period of time. After the water has been restructured, it may be applied to an organism or the water may be subjected to any number of additional magnetic fields based on different targets before the water is applied to the organism. Or, the water may be applied to usage in a cosmetic, construction building block ... etc.
The target masses in biosystems include masses such as oncogenes, homeotic genes, enzymes, hormones, peptide hormone trophic factors, cytokines, interleukins, GAP proteins and centrioles. Additionally, masses of regulatory nature, such as interferon, enzymes and viruses, may also be targeted, as may trace metals such as Ca.sup.tt, Na.sup.+, Mg.sup.++, K.sup.+, Zn.sup.+, Cu.sup.tt, Fe.sup.tt and Li.sup.t.
The examples below provide calculations for determining the necessary flux density and frequencies necessary to beneficially restructuring water for specific applications. Example 1 provides the calculations and resulting flux densities and frequencies for cleansing the water molecule, ingestible substances and/or constituents thereof, and leaving the water molecule, ingestible substances and/or constituents thereof in an improved state of health and harmony.
Our research shows the equivalence of the intrinsic energy of a mass, and the interaction energy resulting from an interaction of a body and magnetic flux or magnetic field vectors.
Although specific resonation of water has been described, the invention is not limited to water and includes ingestible substances as previously described herein. Thus, we may change the growth patterns, structural patterns and function of living systems by exposing materials to be ingested into the living system to magnetic field ranging from about 3.times.10.sup.-6 gauss to about 10.sup.-18 G, or 1-3000 nanogauss. Materials which are ingestible substances ingested by living systems including water, water containing other particles, atoms, elements, minerals, ions, chemicals, etc. and may be restructured to beneficially improve the quality of health, electrophysiology, intermolecular communications, atomic structure and organization, coherent charged states, cooperativity of systems, growth, regeneration, vagosympathetic balance, decrease of oncogenic expression, and/or in other systems (non-living) material crystalline structural states may be changed to improve efficiency of a process or a state of being non-conducive to the purpose of usage. Examples include resonation of materials to produce softening or hardening of water, the enhanced growth of fruits, vegetables and livestock (cattle, pigs, chickens, etc.) and the maintenance of health of said organisms. Furthermore, the resonation (exposure to magnetic fields less than .about.10.sup.-6 gauss) process may enhance absorption of any material into a biological system, e.g., skin, intestinal mucosa, etc.
Resonation of water may be accomplished with, for example, 7.5.times. 10.sup.-8 gauss at 2.1 Hertz (mainly sinusoidal, but can also be rectilinear, triangular pulse) to improve absorption through a semipermeable membrane. In the case of specific ingestible substances containing an increased amount of solids, for example, the resonation must be adjusted for by increasing the amplitude from 6.67 to 10.sup.- 8 gauss up to as high as 7.times.10.sup.-7 gauss for water, sports drinks, geriatric drinks, some medicinal formulations, seeds, creams, such as hand or body creams, lotions, alcoholic beverages (ethyl alcohol) like wine, beer and hard liquor.
Seeds and plants may be resonated directly, or water to nourish plants may be resonated. Exposure to nanogauss to microgauss range magnetic fields may speed germination rate, increase growth potential, improve physiologic function and health, fruit weight, and total plant weight may be increased. Taste can be improved with fields ranging from 1. times.10.sup.-8 gauss to 8.times.10.sup.-7 gauss, or a lower range of flux densities utilizing different inertial velocities in mc.sup.2 =BvLq may be beneficial, from about 10.sup.-8 guass to about 10.sup.- 12 gauss. The 10.sup.-9 gauss to the 10.sup.-11 gauss range is particularly effective in subtle changes of taste and odor, which are structurally (mechanically) based. Plant growth regulators like auxins and gibberellins may be targeted for specific growth effects, e.g., in a dark room soybeans may be grown faster and longer (more mass) with an amplitude of 7.5.times.10.sup.-8 gauss using a sinusoidal waveform at 2.1 Hertz. The changing magnetic field should be homogenous and isotropic.
Sports drinks, water, pediatric and geriatric drinks that are resonated are other ingestible substances which will be absorbed faster through the intestinal wall.
Hand creams, skin lotions, suntan lotion, moisturizers and medicines will be absorbed faster by the skin for improved performance. Any object can be resonated to improve the charge distribution, magnetic profile and atomic crystalline lattice structure to function better in a specified interaction. An example would be the softening of water with 7.5 pico Tesla.fwdarw.7.times.10.sup.-7 gauss field having corresponding cyclotron frequencies calculated with .function..sub.ICR =qB/2 .pi.m. Greater intensities up to a microgauss (from the picogauss range) may be used to harden water, or stimulate increased vibratory motions of atoms. The atoms in any material may be resonated to enhance or alter interatomic communications such that the coherence of said material may be affected. Most notably, configurational entropy may be reduced in an intrinsic system by moving the photon- phonon transduction through gravity to the phonon field to produce an enhanced vibration of a target mass. While the source of the energy is extrinsic to the material (non-invasive) the energy is assimilated by the internal strings of the conductor (material).
Neutraceuticals, indeed a diversity of pharmacologic agents may be absorbed more readily if resonated directly and as well resonation of a living system will enhance dissemination of a molecule or medicine or food, etc. which is resonated through the living system.
Tuning into Carbon in a Seed
Carbon: 12.01115 (atomic mass), Material: longest dimension 0.2 cm (seed), Velocity of material: earth orbital 3.0.times.10.sup.6 cm/sec. Resonate seed directly to increase rate of growth.
As the seed grows, the B field required for resonance decreases in amplitude. If the earth's rotational velocity were used (4.6.times.10. sup.4 cms.sup.-1) about 1000 miles per hour, then the B field required increases by a factor of 65.
The molecular vibrational modes of water molecules or any liquid or solid present in a water based solution or colloidal system will be enhanced by resonant energy states induced by exogenously sourced or intrinsically sourced electromagnetic fields. Critical adjustments to microcomponents of ponderable bodies, structures and particles produce photonic fluxes which adjust the metric of space-time itself, the points that regulate the order of the four-dimensional manifold, and the matter which moves into previously occupied but now unoccupied volumes of space, i.e., the gravitational fields.
Thus we may expose water, beverages in general, pedialyte, sports drinks, nutraceuticals, creams, lotions, medicines, etc. to be absorbed faster by living systems to provide healthful benefits. The range of flux densities is determined by the size of the conductive body, vessel, container or confinement body and by the target atom, subatomic particle, molecule or particulate mass contained in said conductive body. Therein we may rearrange the structural lattice arrangement of relative point masses supplying coordinate axes for solid geometrical and algebraic properties.
Seed germination can be enhanced with nanogauss magnetic fields up to microgauss magnetic fields. The range of 6 pT to 70 pT (pico Tesla) is considered effective in promoting plant growth directly or with resonated fluids.
Skin Cream
For a skin cream (skin moisturizer) we may have as its constituents water, phospholipids, triacygloycerol, glycerin, urea, cetyl alcohol, sodium phosphate, BHT, beeswax, fragrance, methyl paraben and propyl paraben. Let us use water as our target in such a system, remembering the more solids the more harmonic resonances, which increases the B field. These should be calculated as well and added to the B field for water in terms of their relative masses combined to the mass of the water content. This ratio tells the practitioner what percentage increase the B field requires for optimal efficiency in the increased rate and depth of absorption into the skin the cream will accomplish. It also represents the method to calculate the B field for increasing absorption by the gut of any material resonated as per the foregoing process and method.
In a system containing 4 fluid ounces, the longest dimension of which is 17 cm, the product can be resonated directly after completion.
B=3.43.times.10.sup.-8 gauss; the lower end of the pico Tesla range which relaxes soft tissue clinically, decreases blood pressure, and is predominantly parasympathomimetic in the vagosympathetic balance in the autonomic nervous system. We see that the B field, as other products are added, must increase due to the larger number and amplitude of oscillations produced by same. Now, we may also consider the energy content of the solids as mc.sup. 2. A phospholipid is about 207 Da discounting R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and X Groups.
Let us change the (m) to 207, which is an approximation. The oxidative metabolism of fats yields over twice the energy of an equal weight of dry carbohydrate or protein. Fats are nonpolar and are stored in an anhydrous state whereas glycogen, the storage form of glucose is polar, and is consequently stored in a hydrated form that contains about twice its dry weight in water. Fats therefore provide up to six times the metabolic energy of an equal weight of hydrated glycogen. The atomic number of phosphate is 15.
B=4.times.10.sup.-7 gauss for phosphate in cream, showing that the range of 3pT.fwdarw.70pT is important for the induction of coherence and resonance into any system. The system could be applicative to resonating a pediatric beverage for improvement of health and well being. The worker skilled in the art may also resonate with Jacobson Resonance mc.sup.2 =BvLq wines, liqueurs, liquors, beer and other alcoholic beverages to enhance absorption rate across membranes and improve taste. Studies at the University of Oklahoma to Scherlag and Yamanashi have shown that there is a 17% increase in absorption rate across membranes of resonated triple distilled water as compared to distilled water non-resonated. These studies are well replicated. It has also been shown that conductance of water increases with resonation, as well as hardness and softness. The pico Tesla range (B field) may soften water while higher flux densities may harden water. At 7.5 pT distilled water was also made harder by adding calcium before the resonation. That is, with the addition of solids (especially highly crystalline solids) resonation can make the water harder than it would be with the solids (calcium) while unresonated. This means that concrete blocks can be made harder if mixed with water (highly mineralized) with resonation.
There can be exerted a sympathomimetric influence on a biosystem upon ingesting any material first resonated with a range of 5.51.times.10. sup.-7.fwdarw.1.934.times.10.sup.-6 gauss. There will be parasympathetic, sympathetic overlap in this range. From 1.31.times. 10.sup.-8 gauss.fwdarw.5.51.times.10.sup.-7 gauss there is autonomic overlap as we have seen, yet the lower pT field range around 3.4 pT is predominantly parasympathetic while 5.times.10.sup.-7 gauss is predominantly sympathetic. This holds for ingestion of water, sports drinks, pedialyte, geriatric drinks, neutraceuticals which are classified as foods but contain a number of vitamins, minerals, biochemically active molecules, plant extracts, etc., and medicines that are liquid based or otherwise, i.e., pharmaceuticals. 1.9.fwdarw. 3.6.times.10.sup.-6 gauss in protonic resonance will show vagal stimulation. Other resonance phenomena relating the water molecules ingested into the body after resonation (as well as all other material aggregations) may be shown.
Vagal, Protonic Resonance at 0.25 Hz will be associated with 1.64. times.10.sup.-5 gauss (B).
Sympathetic, Protonic Resonance at 0.15 Hz is associated with 9.84. times.10.sup.-6 gauss (B).
Vagal, Electronic Resonance at 0.25 Hz is associated with 8.93.times. 10.sup.-9 gauss (B).
Sympathetic, Electronic Resonance at 0.15 Hz is associated with 5.36. times.10.sup.-9 gauss (B).
The range for parasympathetic stimulation may also extend from about 2.77.times.10.sup.-6 gauss.fwdarw.1.64.times.10.sup.-5 gauss in protonic resonance. Also, the range for parasympathetic (predominance of tonicity dependent) may be 8.93.times.10.sup.-9 gauss.fwdarw.3.5. times.10.sup.-8 gauss in electronic resonance. 5.36 nG and lower reveals both aspects of vagosympathetic tone. The overlap is based upon the similarity of neurotransmitter masses. Protonic resonance may extend from 1.7.times.10.sup.-4 gauss (in small animals) to 1.times. 10.sup.-5 gauss, and from 2.55 Hz to 300.8 Hz. From 9.times.10.sup.-6 gauss to about 1.5.times.10.sup.-7 gauss we see first sympathetic electronic windows and then parasympathetic resonance at about a few microgauss.
Understanding the relationship between density of an object and the autonomic functions of living systems is important because certain fields allow charge densities to change which in a living system will allow increased perfusion through tissue. The low pT range (pico Tesla) at about 3.3 pT decreases tension in soft tissue and bone. The frequency of the changing field influences the kind and rate of the interaction as well. If one were to use a 20 Hz frequency with a low pT field there would occur increased asymmetry of tissue and increased conformational entrophy even if the tissues are relaxed. The appropriate physiologic signal of a low pT range flux density requires about 1 Hz and slower. The brain EEG frequencies are accommodative to cognitive and functional changes in the brain.
Proteglycan and collagen are molecules subject to influence through resonation, important to chondrogenesis.
Resonating water and feed for horses
0.15V at 4.2 Hertz for 60 minutes will energize the horse without him leaving his race in the stable. We want the horse to be relaxed, feel good, yet be ready to move quickly and maintain stamina. There are many possible combinations to enable a horse to run faster yet be controllable.
We may also diminish the viability, decrease the proliferation rate and perhaps kill viruses, bacteria and other pathogens in water, sports drinks, and other beverages and ingestible solids to decrease the negative effects of antigenic particles coming into a living system. Said fields are in the pico Tesla range generally but may require a microgauss to picogauss range combination to therein recrystallize parts of microorganisms (protein and nucleic acid, glucoproteins) thus rendering them static or cidal and/or whole pathogenic microorganisms. The size of the vessel or container holding the liquid, or the longest dimension of the solid should be utilized in mc.sup.2 -BvLq to amplify the particulate triggers which may shake the i.e. virus to death or to an inert state, such that dessication occurs, necrosis of organic tissue and death. Tuning into masses in system (conductive) to induce order-inducing or disorder-inducing vibrational modes may be utilized.
For example, it may be that a non-physiologic signal is indicated to kill microorganisms in a liquid setting. This is because living systems are intrinsically ordered to maintain their integrity. Thus microorganisms, while maintaining relative abnormal profiles in larger living systems requiring lower magnetic profiles, nevertheless microorganisms maintain themselves physiologic magnetic profiles based in subatomic particle resonances. Therefore, we may view the following method.
1. Kill the possible pathogens that exist in the beverage or food by resonating the system according to mc.sup.2 = BvLg.
2. Renormalize the magnetic profile of the beverage or food before ingestion by humans or animals.
353,000 Daltons is a larger target in a virus or bacterium, yet one sees a practical association of the B field with conductive bodies or vessels containing fluids with pathogens. The frequency will be disruptive while energizing of large aggregates in the pathogen will be continuously vibrated for about an hour by the skilled worker.
After usage of the values set forth in 2(D) above renormalization of the magnetic profile of the fluid or conductive body therein resonated should be accomplished. For general human and animal consumption a range of 3.4.times.10.sup.-8 gauss at a frequency of 0.952 Hz to 1.5. times.10.sup.-7 gauss at a frequency of 4.2 Hz may be used safely from an effect ranging from relaxing to stimulating respectively.
The present invention also provides a preferred apparatus for applying electromagnetic fields to water as described above. This device is referred to as "The Jacobson Resonator" or the "Resonator". The apparatus is comprised of a signal generator, an attenuator unit, a set of simplified Helmholtz coils, and an application device on which the water to be treated is placed. In order to minimize the distortions of the generated magnetic field, no ferrous metals are utilized in the construction of the coils, application device, and support stand. Some minimal amounts of ferrous metals are used in the construction of an actual embodiment of the Resonator. For example, referring to FIG. 10, a bolt (121) on the swivel clamp (123), and the swivel wheels (125) were made of ferrous materials due to strength requirements and cost consideration. However, field uniformity was not significantly affected by this small amount of ferrous metal.
The Jacobson Resonator uses a signal generator to produce a magnetic field. The signal generator produces a magnetic field of the desired amplitude and frequency. In a preferred embodiment, the signal generator is an HP 3325B signal generator manufactured by the Hewlett- Packard Company which is capable of producing signals varying in frequency from DC to approximately 20 Megahertz (Mhz) in square, sinusoidal, and triangle waveforms. The generator is also capable of generating amplitudes from 1 millivolt to 10 volts into a 50 ohm load termination. In order to maintain correct signal relationship, the signal generator should be terminated into a 50 ohm load termination during operation.
The attenuator unit uses the signal produced by the signal generator to drive the helmholtz coils. The circuitry is designed to provide impedance matching to the generator and selectable attenuation of the signal. The attenuation range is from 10 milli gauss to 1 atto gauss by combining the generator range and the attenuator selection ranges. The attenuator (1) has two switches (2), one rotary switch for milli (10. sup.-3), micro (10.sup.-6), and nano (10.sup.-9) selections and one toggle switch (3) for inducing an additional micro (10.sup.-6) level of attenuation to the above signal levels. This provides for a total of 10.sup.-15 signal attenuation. All coils should never be connected directly to the signal generator, as magnetic fields in the gauss range are possible depending on the generator settings.
The magnetic fields are produced by simplified helmholtz coils. The coils may be 18 inches or 7 feet in diameter with a separation of 9 inches or 3.5 feet respectively. The smaller coils (117) are shown in FIG. 10. These coils are preferably made of 5 turns of #37 gauge wire around an 18 inch disc made of laminated foam. Additionally, the discs have an epoxy coating, for additional strength, and a black gloss enamel finish. Coil interconnections are made via two pin friction fit connectors (127) for ease of mating.
The application device provides the correct separation and mounting for the coils. The device is capable of 180.degree. rotation and 90.degree. pivoting. The application device also has an epoxy coating, for additional strength and rigidity, and a black gloss enamel finish. System interconnections are made via two pin friction fit connectors (119) for ease of mating. All connections are keyed to maintain correct polarity of the coils and the field.
The support stand provides 360.degree. rotation of the device with vertical and horizontal movement of approximately 3 feet and the ability to secure the device in any position. This provides extreme versatility in positioning and securing the device. In one embodiment, the support stand is fabricated from PVC with brass hardware for interconnecting the sub-assemblies.
Using the Jacobson Resonator described above, it is believed that the following settings provide beneficial restructuring of water and/or other ingestible substances for application to humans. For Table 4, the Jacobson Resonator is using the "Microgauss" setting and various targets are listed in the first column. In column 2 of Table 3, the amplitude setting is listed which corresponds to a flux density produced by the resonator. The third and fourth columns, respectively, represent the frequencies e.sup.- and p.sup.t. frequency e.sup.- represents the corresponding Jacobson Resonance and ion cyclotron resonance frequency when q is the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron and frequency p.sup.+ corresponds to q/2 .pi.m of the proton, in the formula .function..sub.ICR-JR =qB/2 .pi.m
These tables can be used generally with other EM devices when converted into general terms. These settings are for the resonator but can be converted generally. For example,
10V=10 .mu.G (microgauss)=1.times.10.sup.-6 gauss or 0.7V=0.7.times. 10.sup.-6 G=7.times.10.sup.-7 gauss.
Various protocols have been developed using the Jacobson Resonator for beneficially restructuring water and/or other ingestible substances for application to humans to improve the health of the person treated with the restructured water and/or other ingestible substances.
Generally, it is better to move from low to high and keep going back and forth rather than to use big frequencies for too long. If you don't release the foot from big frequencies, you will increase the pain in the soft tissues.
Toxic effect of chlorine skin absorption
Hazards in the bath & shower
The American Chemical Society meeting in Anaheim, CA said in 1986. "People are exposed to more potentially harmful indoor pollutants in home, office or car than outdoors." A five-year study by the Environmental Protection Agency concurred. Studies by Dr. Julian Andelman, Professor of Water Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, found less chemical exposure from drinking chlorine contaminated water than using it to wash the clothes or take a shower.
SKIN PENETRATION
H.S. Brown, Ph.D.; D.R. Bishop, MPH, and C.A. Rowan, MSPH, report that: "Assessments of drinking water safety rely on the assumption that ingestion represents the principle route of exposure."
Skin penetration rates for solvents are remarkably high, and the stratum corneum is a less effective barrier to penetration than traditionally assumed. Based on published skin absorption rates, these 3 researchers used Fick's Law to determine permeability constants for selected compounds. Then they calculated dose per kilogram for 9 different exposure situations and compared this to the oral dose per kilogram. They found that skin absorption contributed from 29 to 91 percent of the total dose, averaging 64 percent.
Outside of occupational settings, little attention has been paid to skin absorption as a route of entry for volatile organic compounds. Since the mid-sixties, numerous investigators have explored the mechanism of epidermal barrier function in relation to solvents. Although a complex process, dermal uptake of compounds occurs mainly through passive diffusion, involving selective mechanisms in the various lipid & protein structures of the stratum corneum.
The researchers concluded that skin absorption of contaminants in municipal water has been underestimated and that ingestion may not constitute the sole or even primary route of exposure. In addition to penetration of contaminants through the skin to the body as a whole, the contaminants can adversely affect the skin itself.
Chlorine chemically bonds with proteins in the hair, skin and scalp. Hair can becomes rough and brittle and lose color. Skin can dry out with itchy, flaky scalp occurring. Chlorine can aggravate sensitive areas in the eyes, nose, throat and lungs.
INHALATION
Chloroform (a Trihalomethane or THM) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are two highly volatile toxic chemicals that have been identified in many municipal drinking-water supplies. The National Academy of Sciences has estimated that 200 to 1000 people may die in the U.S. each year (1986) from cancers caused by ingesting these contaminants in water.
However, the major threat caused by these water pollutants is far more likely to be as air pollutants in the home, according to a study by Dr. Julian Andelman. He found that in the shower when temperature and chemical concentrations increase and diameter of shower head hole decreases, volatilization increases. His data indicate that hot showers (109F) can liberate about 50% of the dissolved chloroform and 80% of the dissolved TCE into the air. Both the heat and the large surface-to-volume ratio of small droplets increase vaporization. Chlorine, TCE, chloroform, benzene and others are readily absorbed through the lungs into the bloodstream.
CONTAMINANTS
The contaminants mentioned in this article are not necessarily in your tap water. However, if chlorine is present in the water it is most certain that other contaminants are also. Chlorine combines with organic substances forming Trihalomethanes including Chloroform. The most common volatile compounds in drinking water supplies as found by the EPA are as listed: trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, benzene,1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethylene chloride,1,1-dichloroethylene, bis-1,2-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, & trichlorobenzene.
- American Journal of Public Health, May 84
- Science News, Sep 86
- Pool & Spa News, Oct. 86
You can be free of chlorine and most chemicals in your shower or bath for over a year. 30,000 gallons of purified water. Consider water filtration.
Asthma and Chlorine
If it is, doctors say it could be because of one of many substances found in the workplaces that are linked to allergies and asthma. According to a panel of respiratory specialists who convened this week at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology annual meeting in Orlando, Fl., as many as 5 percent of all adult asthma cases can be linked to workplaces allergens and irritants such as latex, mites, detergents, ammonia, chlorine, and a variety of substances used in the manufacture of plastics. "[These estimates] come from a number of different studies," said the college's president, Dr. Emil Bardana. "Some have estimated as high as 10 percent, some as low as 2 percent, and it depends on where you're doing the study, and what industry you're studying." Although experts may disagree about the prevalence of the problem, there is no doubt that substances in the workplace can cause serious illness. With more than 15 million Americans now suffering from asthma, Bardana estimates that hundreds of thousands could be experiencing work-related forms of the disease. Those workers at highest risk include people who are exposed to latex, such as health-care professionals, as well as people exposed to animals, such as veterinarians. In addition, industrial workers are often exposed to toxic and irritating chemicals, which can contribute to asthma. Workplace Causes and Prevention Doctors believe that there are two basic ways to get asthma in the workplace. The most common way to become asthmatic is through constant exposure to allergens, which are any substance your body is allergic to, such as latex. Symptoms of an allergic reaction are similar to hay fever, and include runny nose and watery eyes. The other, less common, way is to be exposed to an irritant such as chlorine, a condition that is more likely to clear itself up after exposure. Symptoms of asthma include breathlessness, wheezing, and cough. To prevent these respiratory problems, workers can simply avoid exposure to particular allergens and irritants. Doctors suggest educating workers and employers about the dangers of certain substances, as well as the benefits of using masks, gloves, and exhaust systems to remove allergens from the workplace. One way to tell if a symptom is work-related is to note whether or not it improves when you are away from work. If your sniffles and cough mysteriously get better at night and disappear over the weekends and vacation, that could be an indicator that your illness is work-related.
"I think anyone with asthma should at least stop and think:
Is there something about their school or workplace that's contributing to their asthma?" said Dr. Helen Hollingsworth, director of adult asthma and allergy services at Boston Medical Center. "Prevention is the key thing," said Bardana.
Toxic effects of Fluoride in water?
We have based this information on research done by Dr. Mercola.
Is fluoride in the water safe or even beneficial? Fluoride is a toxin a little less toxic than arsenic and more toxic than lead. 90 percent of fluoridated water in the United States has never been tested and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made fluoride illegal to dump at sea as it is a hazardous waste. However its in your water.
Effects of fluoride on your body.
Fluoride disrupts the synthesis of collagen and leads to breakdown in the bone, tendon, skin, cartilage, lungs, trachea, and kidney. Fluoride inhibits the formation of antibodies in the blood, which cause a disruptive effect on various tissues in the body, which then confuses the immune system and causes it to attack its own tissues. Fluoride increases the tumor growth and the general cancer rate. Fluoride has been linked to cancer, low IQ, genetic disorders and muscle degeneration. This information has been based on mercola.com research which we trust as a source of information more responsible than government agencies.
References are made to research presented in Fluoride the Aging Factor by John Yiamouyiannis, PhD.
Fluoride is added to the water supply for dental hygiene and fluoridating drinking water is accepted as a benefit . Chlorine evaporates eventually but fluoride remains in the water and cooking, food processing, filtration, or digestion doesn't remove fluoride and it acumulates in fat cells. Fluoride is a carcinogenic industrial waste and causes teeth to rot and crumble, as well as your bones and cause osteoporosis? Why is a toxic industrial waste passed off on the public as a nutrient with necessary health benefit? See further for research or check web site of dr mercola for more details and information on many valuable subjects.
What Is Fluoride?
Fluorine is an element and a gas, never occurring in its free state. In microscopic amounts complexed with other minerals, it is often listed as a trace mineral, a nutrient for human nutrition. This is not the fluoride used for fluoride or fluoridation. Fluoride added to 90% of drinking water is hydrofluoric acid which is a compound of fluorine that is a chemical byproduct of aluminum, steel, cement, phosphate, and nuclear weapons manufacturing. Such fluoride is manmade. In this form, fluoride has no nutrient value whatsoever. It is one of the most caustic of industrial chemicals. Fluoride is the active toxin in rat poisons and cockroach powder. Hydrofluoric acid is used to refine high octane gasoline, to make fluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons for freezers and air conditioners, and to manufacture computer screens, fluorescent light bulbs, semiconductors, plastics, herbicides, -- and toothpaste. It also has the ability to burn flesh to the bone, destroy eyes, and sear lungs so that victims drown in their own body fluid." Once in the body, fluoride is a destroyer of human enzymes. It does this by changing their shapes.
Thousands of enzymes are necessary for various essential cell reactions that take place every second we're alive. (Howell) Without enzymes, we'd die instantaneously. Once in the body, fluoride is a destroyer of human enzymes. It does this by changing their shapes. In human biochemistry, thousands of enzymes are necessary for various essential cell reactions.
Fluoride the Aging Factor by John Yiamouyiannis, PhD.
Without enzymes, we'd die instantaneously. Enzymes trigger specific reactions in the body. One way they do this is by having the exact shape necessary, like a key in a lock.
Fluoride Changes The Shape Of The Enzymes So That They No Longer Fit.
Since enzymes are proteins, once they've been changed, they're now foreign-looking. The body now treats them as invaders, even though they're part of that body. This is known as an autoimmune situation - the body attacks itself. Another way to look at it: enzymes are long-chain proteins held in certain shapes. Hydrogen bonds are the velcro strips that hold the enzyme in a certain shape. Fluoride comes along and hydrolyzes the enzyme: cuts the Velcro strips away. The shape collapses. No more enzyme; now just a foreign protein.
Starting Point The most thorough explanation of the origin, action, diseases, and politics of fluoride was presented in a book called Fluoride the Aging Factor by John Yiamouyiannis, PhD.
This book is the result of 25 years of research and working behind the scenes of the fluoride phenomenon. Dr. Yiamouyiannis was the science director of the National Health Federation. He then went on to head the Safe Water Foundation. No one can comment intelligently about fluoride in the U.S. without dealing with the issues raised in his pivotal book. It is simply a review of the literature on fluoride up to 1994. Dr. Y starts by citing hundreds of international studies of fluoridation that have been conducted all over the world since the 1930s.
Studies looking to find out about fluoride AND Studies that were trying to cover up what had already been discovered.
Examples Of The Former:
Taylor Study, University of Austin: fluoride concentration of 1PPM (parts per million) increases tumor growth rate by 25% Fluoride is more poisonous than lead, and just less poisonous than arsenic - Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products -- 1984 "A seven ounce tube of toothpaste, theoretically at least, contains enough fluoride to kill a small child." - Procter&Gamble, quoted in Fluoride the Aging Factor p14 Fluoride supplements should not be given to children under three years old - 1992 Canadian Dental Association Proposed Fluoride Guidelines, Dr. Limeback Fluoride Accelerates Your Aging Process.
Austrian researchers proved in the 1970s that as little as 1 ppm fluoride concentration can disrupt DNA repair enzymes by 50%. When DNA can't repair damaged cells, we get old fast.
Fluoride prematurely ages the body, mainly by distortion of enzyme shape. Again, when enzymes get twisted out of shape, they can't do their jobs. This results in collagen breakdown, eczema, tissue damage, skin wrinkling, genetic damage, and immune suppression.
Practically any disease you can name may then be caused. All systems of the body are dependent upon enzymes. When fluoride changes the enzymes, this can damage: immune system digestive system respiratory system blood circulation kidney function liver function brain function thyroid function.
Things wear out too fast - the young body becomes old. The distorted enzymes are proteins, but now they have become foreign protein, which we know is the exact cause of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, arthritis, asthma, and arteriosclerosis.
Collagen Is The Body's Glue and Fluoride Ruins It.
When collagen breaks down, tissues simply lose their substance, their framework. Fluoride dissolves the body's glue simply by preventing new collagen from being formed.
DR Y gives a masterful explanation of fluoride's disruption of collagen. Not only is the collagen incorrectly formed, it is wrongly mineralized. Some collagen, like bones and teeth, should be mineralized in order to give it hardness. Other collagen structures, like ligaments, tendons and, and muscles, should not be mineralized, in order to keep them flexible and resilient. Fluoride mineralizes the tendons, and muscles and ligaments, making them crackly and painful and inflexible. At the same time fluoride interferes with mineralization of bones and teeth, causing osteoporosis and mottling or dental fluorosis.
Fluoride Ruins Your Teeth .
We fluoride water to prevent cavities and build strong teeth.
DR Y gives an exhaustive review of the scientific literature of the past 40 years proving beyond a reasonable doubt that fluoride interferes with tooth formation, causing permanent discoloration and actual crumbling. The process whereby teeth are discolored and crumble from fluoridation is know as dental fluorosis. The US Public Health service has known since the research of its own Dr. HT Dean in 1937 that as fluoride levels rose, so did the percentage of children with dental fluorosis, in a study of 15 major American cities. The same findings were evident in a University of Texas study comparing dental fluorosis in children who lived in fluoridated and unfluoridated areas of Texas. Dr. Segretto found a 35% higher incidence of fluorosis in children who drank water with fluorine concentration of 1-1.4 PPM, compared with those whose water was in the .3 PPM range. This study was written up in the Journal of the American Dental Association.
Yiamouyiannis goes on and on, citing one peer-reviewed study after another, all coming to the same inescapable conclusion:
The More Fluoride In The Water, The More Tooth Malformation And Discoloration.
It's beyond controversy, when you view these studies from all over the world - New Zealand, India, Denmark, England, Ireland, Italy, Illinois - same finding. Even with this consistent finding across the board, the standard level of fluoridation recommended for dental health in the US is 1 part per million. How Is This Possible? A major gain for antifluoridation happened in the past few years, which most people haven't even noticed.
The FDA required all toothpaste manufacturers to print a warning on the label that if more than a pea-sized amount of toothpaste is swallowed, the local Poison Control Center should be notified.
The American Dental Association and other defenders of fluoride have testified and continue to insist that dental fluorosis is a "cosmetic condition" and is not a health issue! Permanent malformation of the teeth is a little more serious than cosmetic - but even if it weren't, how can a additive whose only alleged purpose is to benefit teeth destroy teeth?? In their current website, the ADA actually challenges this FDA warning on toothpaste labels, saying that it is unnecessarily strict. Paul Connett, PhD explains that spots on the teeth and dental fluorosis are just an indication of damage to other parts of the body: "The teeth are windows to what's happening in the bones." Fluoride And Osteoporosis Bone is collagen. We already saw how fluoride disrupts the formation of enzymes necessary for collagen production. So it's no wonder then that the thin brittle bones characteristic of osteoporosis are the result of fluoridation.
This is no false claim. DR Y cites the 1990 study of 541,000 cases of osteoporosis that found a definite connection between hip fractures in women over 65 and fluoride levels. The study was written up in JAMA. Several other major studies are cited, massive amounts of research, again all reaching the same conclusion - the undeniable correlation of fluoridation with osteoporosis and hip fracture in the elderly.
Bone Is Living Tissue.
It is constantly being replaced with new cells, and having old cells removed. Bone building is a finely balanced, complicated process. Fluoride has been known to disrupt this process since the 1930s. Dr. Alesen, who was the president of the California Medical Association, clearly explains what fluoride does to bone formation. He cites dozens of international scientific studies proving beyond a shadow of a doubt that fluoride has caused thousands of cases of osteoporosis, skeletal thinning, fractures, "rubber bones," anemia, and rickets.
Fluoride also causes osteoporosis by creating a calcium deficiency situation. Fluoride precipitates calcium out of solution, causing low blood calcium, as well as the buildup of calcium stones and crystals in the joints and organs.
Dozens of other studies, like the Riggs study in the 1990 New England Journal of Medicine, showed that fluoride treatment of osteoporosis in the elderly actually increases skeletal fragility, i.e., more fractures. It's the same mechanism at work: incorrect mineralization, as we saw above. Thin old bones lose calcium; young bones age too rapidly by over-mineralization. Using fluoride as a treatment for diseases like osteoporosis has always been a particularly dumb idea, because of side effects known beforehand: general arthritis stomach pain nausea vomiting bone spurs bone inflammation kidney fibrosis dental fluorosis.
Other mineral contaminants like lead and strontium-90 are damaging to human bone just by means of their occupying space where they don't belong. They are inert. The difference with fluoride is that it is biochemically active. With all the diseases caused by fluoride, the common thread is "uvirtually all these ill effects can be traced to the effect of fluoride on enzymes or proteins, as well as a possible direct effect on the DNA molecule itself." Above we saw how fluoride changes the all-important shape of enzymes, thereby rendering them not only useless, but actually foreign antigens.
Cancer And Fluoride By now we all know how cancer begins with one cell whose inner blueprint - its DNA - has been screwed with. Remember those Velcro hydrogen bonds? Guess what other shape they hold together. The double helix - DNA. This turns out to be the exact mechanism of fluoride as a carcinogen. Austrian and Japanese researchers both found that a concentration of 1 PPM fluoride causes disruption of the body's ability to repair its own DNA. Without this most basic cell function, cancer is promoted, and tumor growth is accelerated. That's standard fluoride level in US city water: one part per million. On p. 65 of his book, Dr. Yiamouyiannis provides an amazing chart of some 19 major scientific studies conducted in universities all over the world, together proving beyond a doubt that fluoride causes genetic damage.
End of story. Except that on p 68, there is another list of world studies proving the same thing with plants and insects - genetic alteration from fluoride. Chief chemist of the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Dean Burk when confronted with mountains of data, stated before Congress: "In point of fact, fluoride causes more human cancer death, and causes it faster than any other chemical.
" - Congressional Record 21 July 1976 Can That Be Misconstrued? Burk and Yiamouyiannis completed a monumental research project in 1977 in which they compared cancer death rates in 10 fluoridated and 10 non-fluoridated US cities between 1940 and 1970.
The results are on p75 of Fluoride the Aging Factor.
The unmistakable fact is that the graph shows that for the first ten years (1940-1950), when none of the 20 cities fluoridated, the average cancer deaths were virtually identical. But after 1950, there is a major increase in cancer deaths in every single one of the fluoridated cities, while the nonfluoridated cities remain clustered together at a much lower level of death. They actually put a number on it: "u30,000 to 50,000 deaths each year from various causes may now be attributable to fluoridation. This total includes 10,000 to 20,000 deaths attributable to fluoride-induced cancer every year." These findings were first confirmed, then denied by the National Cancer Institute (what a surprise). Finally the research was upheld as valid in two separate state courts, Pennsylvania and Illinois. Ask yourself, why are findings of a scientific study being disputed in court? The usual pattern whenever valid research threatens big money. Another study by the New Jersey Health Dept., cited by Dr. Y, found a 50% increase in bone cancer among young men in fluoridated areas. (Cohn) Dr. William Hirzy, an officer in the EPA explains: "Fluoride is a broad-spectrum mutagen. It can cause genetic damage in both plant and animal cells." Once again, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Hundreds of scientific studies conducted and reported in the most credible universities and agencies throughout the world for the past 25 years have found an unmistakable correlation between fluoridation and cancer deaths. Even the professional opinion makers can't just make all this data vanish. All they can do is what they're trained to do: change the subject. And keep repeating how safe and effective fluoride is. Brain Damage = Low IQ Penetrating observation. The earliest reference to brain disruption from fluoride exposure is found in a recently declassified secret Manhattan Project memo (1944): "Clinical evidence suggests that C616 [uranium hydrofluoride] may have a rather marked central nervous system effect with mental confusion, drowsiness and lassitudeu" How can all these studies be dismissed and ignored? Many of them are from the most prestigious of scientific journals. And the message has been consistent for the past 40 years - fluoride is a poison.
What kind of power can contradict such a cogent, overwhelming body of work?
So Then Why Are We Fluoridating, For The Last 60 Years?
Unrestricted research into almost any area involving health care is really a tiresome business - it's the same boring story over and over: A Toxin in Search of A Market. First a chemical is created, then an angle is figured out on how to mass market it. Then a disinformation program is put into place to create a permanent smokescreen for the actual scientific data. As we saw with ADD, antibiotics, the history of pharmaceuticals, HRT, heart drugs, chlorination, and now fluoridation - the pattern is consistent. With billions of dollars in play, the chemical industry can afford to choreograph its two most willing marionettes: the media and the medical profession.
Fluoridation. A certified poison, by all the government agencies and scientific agencies cited above.
The rise of the EPA since the 1970s. The increase in environmental consciousness as a political tool for creating the illusion of safety in recent decades. Here's the short version: fluoride is a toxic byproduct in the manufacture of nuclear arms, aluminum, cement, steel, and phosphates. Millions of tons of this poison are produced every year. Imagine the cost of containing and disposing of those mountains of waste every year. It's in the billions. But what if lobbyists from these industries could present "scientific studies" paid for by the industries, and provide for a continual stream of media presentations about the health benefits of fluoride, and create unimaginably lucrative positions for "research" and "education" within the American Dental Association and the AMA, and do all these things in a consistent and unending way, year after year? What are the economic advantages of that? Simple: instead of paying money to dispose of toxic waste, money could now be made by selling fluoride to the water companies of the nation. They'll use the public water supply as a sewer for industrial wastes.
In the face of all the decades of our best research, this arrogant and groundless pronouncement, by the profession to whom we have entrusted our teeth, is saying that our water could have 8 times as much fluoride as it has now, and still be perfectly safe!
The Players: ALCOA Aluminum, mega-giant producer of aluminum, was founded by Andrew Mellon, who was also appointed Secretary of Treasury, since he seemed to know something about money. ALCOA funded a top research facility known as the Mellon Institute. In 1931, a Mellon Institute report by Gerald Cox suggested that 1 PPM fluoride added to drinking water would be good for the teeth. That was it. No studies, no comparisons, no data. All previous research studies had shown that fluoride was toxic.
The US Public Health Service (USPHS) at that time was under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Treasury - Andrew Mellon, who also owned ALCOA. The USPHS sponsored some research put out by their own Dr. HT Dean, manipulating data so that it "proved" that this same figure of 1 PPM resulted in reduction of tooth decay. So now there were two studies, one by Cox and one by Dean, both funded by agencies controlled by ALCOA, both supporting this arbitrary figure of 1 PPM fluoride that should be added to the water to lower tooth decay.
Next problem: sell it to the American Medical Association and the American Dental Association.
This took years. Even in 1943, an article in JAMA described fluoride as a poison that damaged enzyme systems even at a concentration of 1 PPM.
The article showed concern about 25,000 tons of fluorine released into the atmosphere every year from the phosphate fertilizer industry. (JAMA, Sept 18, 1943).
The following year Journal of the American Dental Association ran another article warning that fluoridated water caused osteoporosis, goiter, and spinal disease. They stated that "the potentialities for harm far outweigh those for good." (JADA, 1 Oct 1944) So how did fluoridation get started then, with all this information - thousands of negative scientific papers and only two favorable studies?
In 1944, ALCOA hired an attorney named Oscar Ewing at a salary of $750,000 per year. That same year Ewing was appointed to the Federal Security Administration.
The USPHS was a division of the Federal Security Association. So now ALCOA's attorney was in a position to control the policies of the Public Health Service.
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